不同羽系拜城油鸡生长发育规律及生长曲线拟合分析

known 发布于 2025-07-26 阅读(363)

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.024

摘" 要:【目的】研究不同羽系拜城油鸡生长发育规律,为拜城油鸡的科学饲养管理和品种改良提供理论依据。

【方法】分别选择0日龄健康的黑麻羽系、黄麻羽系和银灰羽系拜城油鸡雏鸡各200只(公母各半),测定并记录0~22周龄的体重,采用Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy生长模型对拜城油鸡公、母鸡的体重进行生长曲线拟合分析。

【结果】10、14周龄黑麻羽系公鸡的体重显著高于银灰羽系公鸡的体重(Plt;0.05),12周龄黑麻羽系公鸡的体重显著高于黄麻羽系和银灰羽系公鸡的体重(Plt;0.05),16周龄黑麻羽系和黄麻羽系公鸡的体重极显著高于银灰羽系公鸡的体重(Plt;0.01),20、22周龄黑麻羽系和黄麻羽系公鸡的体重显著高于银灰羽系公鸡的体重(Plt;0.05);母鸡中,黄麻羽系母鸡的初生重分别显著或极显著高于黑麻羽系和银灰羽系母鸡(Plt;0.05或Plt;0.01),6、8周龄黑麻羽系母鸡的体重显著高于银灰羽系母鸡的体重(Plt;0.05),20、22周龄龄黄麻羽系母鸡的体重显著高于银灰羽系母鸡的体重(Plt;0.05);3个羽系拜城油鸡的生长曲线均呈现“S”型;3个羽系公鸡均在第10周达到生长高峰,母鸡在第12周达到生长高峰;3种生长模型的拟合曲线与实际曲线基本吻合,Von Bertalanffy模型对公、母鸡的拟合效果最佳(R2gt;0.998),黑麻羽系、黄麻羽系和银灰羽系公鸡的拐点周龄分别为8.629、9.389、8.947,拐点体重分别为858.207、911.107、842.681 g;母鸡的拐点周龄分别为7.946、8.619、7.936,拐点体重分别为635.543、679.577、609.097 g。

【结论】不同羽系拜城油鸡的生长发育存在差异,3个羽系拜城油鸡公、母鸡的最优生长模型均为Von Bertalanffy模型。

关键词:拜城油鸡;发育规律;生长曲线;拟合曲线;生长模型

中图分类号:S831""" 文献标志码:A""" 文章编号:1001-4330(2024)05-1259-09

收稿日期(Received):

2023-08-07

基金项目:

新疆维吾尔自治区科技成果转化示范专项(乡村振兴产业发展科技行动)(2022NC118);新疆维吾尔自治区畜禽种业提升(2023xjjq-z-01)

作者简介:

姚洋(1996-),男,四川遂宁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为家禽生产学,(E-mail)yy980119@163.com

通讯作者:

李海英(1968-),女,山东莱阳人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为家禽种质资源利用与高效繁育,(E-mail)lhy-3@163.com

0" 引 言

【研究意义】拜城油鸡是原产于新疆阿克苏地区拜城县的地方品种[1]。生长曲线的拟合和分析是家禽科学饲养和选育的主要方法之一[2],研究家禽的生长过程,合理利用生长曲线模型有助于拜城油鸡的科学饲养管理和品种改良[3]。【前人研究进展】目前常用的家禽生长模型有Logistic[4]、Gompertz[5,6]、Von Bertalanffy[7,8]3种,因饲养管理条件、品种而异,个体的生长发育规律不尽相同,得到的最佳拟合模型也有差异。王天松等[9]对不同羽色和不同性别乌蒙凤鸡的拟合中,发现Logistic模型的拟合效果均为最优。而沈永杰等[10]发现Bertalanffy模型对娄门鸭公鸭和母鸭的拟合效果均优于Gompertz和Logistic模型。崔梦笛等[11]对婆罗门鸡公、母鸡的体重进行生长曲线拟合分析,发现Von Bertalanffy模型对婆罗门鸡生长发育曲线拟合程度最佳。【本研究切入点】杨飞等[12]、沙尔山别克等[13]对拜城油鸡的早期生长发育规律进行了研究,拜城油鸡经历了9个世代的培育,现有3个羽系,按羽色划分为黑麻羽系、黄麻羽系和银灰羽系。但目前对不同羽系、不同性别拜城油鸡生长发育规律的研究还未见报道。【拟解决的关键问题】采用3种非线性曲线模型Logistic、Gompertz、Von Bertalanffy对3个羽系、不同性别拜城油鸡0~22周龄的体重进行生长曲线拟合和分析,研究不同羽系及性别拜城油鸡的体重生长发育特征,为拜城油鸡的专门化品系选育及标准化养殖体系建立提供论依据和参考。

1" 材料与方法

1.1" 材 料

黑麻羽系、黄麻羽系和银灰羽系拜城油鸡雏鸡在出雏时进行翻肛鉴别,分别选择0日龄健康的黑麻羽系、黄麻羽系和银灰羽系拜城油鸡雏鸡各200只(公母各半),按性别、羽色分群饲养,采用立体笼养,自由采食和饮水,执行常规免疫程序,不同生长发育阶段饲喂不同营养水平的配合饲料。试验雏鸡由国家级拜城油鸡保种厂新疆诺奇拜城油鸡发展有限公司提供。预混料为1 kg饲粮提供:VA 9000 IU,VD 3500 IU,VE 20 IU,VK3 1.5 mg,VB1 3 mg,VB6 3 mg,烟酰胺30 mg,D-泛酸钙13 mg,D-生物素0.09 mg,叶酸0.85 mg,铜10 mg,铁80 mg,锰50 mg,锌80 mg。表1

1.2" 方 法

1.2.1" 试验设计

出雏当天测定黑麻羽系、黄麻羽系和银灰羽系拜城油鸡雏鸡的初生重,从第2周开始,每2周在3个羽系中各随机选择60只(公母各半)测定体重,试验期22周,测量前停料12 h,只提供饮水,计算绝对生长量及相对生长率。

绝对生长量=(W1-W0)/(T1-T0).

相对生长率=2×(W1-W0)/(W1+W0)×100%.

式中,W0为前1次测定的体重;W1为后1次测定的体重;T0为前1次测定时的周龄;T1为后1次测定时的周龄。

1.2.2" 生长曲线拟合模型

利用Logistic、Gompertz、Von Bertalanffy三种生长模型分析3种羽色拜城油鸡的生长发育规律,进行数学模型拟合,估计各参数,计算拐点体重、拐点周龄、最大周增重。表2

1.3" 数据处理

利用Excel 2020建立数据库,对数据进行整理和初步分析,绘制生长曲线,使用SPSS 24.0的单因素方差分析对不同羽系及性别拜城油鸡的体重数据进行显著性分析,使用SPSS 24.0中的非线性生长模型对体重进行拟合分析,计算参数A、B、K估计值,计算拐点体重、拐点周龄、最大周增重,根据拟合度评价模型拟合度,利用Excel 2020绘制拟合曲线。

2" 结果与分析

2.1" 不同羽系0~22周龄拜城油鸡体重比较

研究表明,10、14周龄黑麻羽系公鸡的体重显著高于银灰羽系公鸡的体重(Plt;0.05),12周龄黑麻羽系公鸡的体重显著高于黄麻羽系和银灰羽系公鸡的体重(Plt;0.05),16周龄黑麻羽系和黄麻羽系公鸡的体重极显著高于银灰羽系公鸡的体重(Plt;0.01),20、22周龄黑麻羽系和黄麻羽系公鸡的体重显著高于银灰羽系公鸡的体重(Plt;0.05)。表3

黄麻羽系母鸡的初生重分别显著或极显著高于黑麻羽系和银灰羽系母鸡(Plt;0.05或Plt;0.01),6、8周龄黑麻羽系母鸡的体重显著高于银灰羽系母鸡的体重(Plt;0.05),20、22周龄龄黄麻羽系母鸡的体重显著高于银灰羽系母鸡的体重(Plt;0.05)。表4

2.2" 不同羽系0~22周龄拜城油鸡体重生长曲线比较

研究表明,0~8周拜城油鸡3个羽系相同性别之间的体重累积生长速度基本相同。10~22周时,黑麻羽系公鸡的体重累积生长速度最快,黄麻羽系次之,银灰羽系最慢;母鸡中,黄麻羽系母鸡的体重累积生长速度略快于其余2个羽系的母鸡,其中银灰羽系母鸡的体重累积生长速度最慢。图1、图2

拜城油鸡公、母鸡均在8~14周的体重增长量较大。在10周时,3个羽系的公鸡均到达生长高峰,3个羽系的母鸡则在第12周达到生长高峰。拜城油鸡公、母鸡的相对生长率均随着周龄的增长呈持续下降的趋势。图3~6

2.3" 不同羽系拜城油鸡体重生长模型曲线

研究表明,3种生长模型对公鸡体重的拟合度均在0.996以上,对母鸡体重的拟合度均在0.991以上。3种模型的拟合曲线与实际曲线基本吻合,3种生长模型均能较好地模拟拜城油鸡体重的生长发育规律。Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy模型在拟合黑麻羽系公鸡和银灰羽系母鸡的体重生长时有相同的拟合度,分别为0.999和0.998,但Von Bertalanffy模型所得的参数估计值更接近实测值,Von Bertalanffy模型更适用于黑麻羽系公鸡和银灰羽系母鸡的体重生长拟合。Von Bertalanffy模型对黑麻羽系母鸡、黄麻羽系公鸡、黄麻羽系母鸡和银灰羽系公鸡的拟合度均为最高,分别为0.998、1.000、0.999和1.000,Von Bertalanffy模型是不同羽系拜城油鸡公、母鸡的最优生长拟合模型。黑麻羽系、黄麻羽系和银灰羽系公鸡的拐点周龄分别为8.629、9.389、8.947,拐点体重分别为858.207、911.107、842.681 g;母鸡的拐点周龄分别为7.946、8.619、7.936,拐点体重分别为635.543、679.577、609.097 g。表5,图7~12

3" 讨 论

3.1" 不同羽系拜城油鸡体重生长发育规律

生长曲线受多种因素影响,例如遗传、营养、品种等均影响家禽的生长发育过程[14]。代敏敏等[15]在对快羽和慢羽太行绿壳蛋鸡的体重生长发育规律研究中发现,42~133日龄快羽鸡的生长速度显著快于慢羽鸡的生长速度(Plt;0.05)。张乐超等[16]则发现,73~139日龄的太行鸡慢羽公鸡极显著重于快羽公鸡(Plt;0.01)。李义书等[17]通过对不同羽色儋州鸡生长曲线拟合与分析研究,发现麻花色羽系和黑色羽系儋州鸡公鸡在0~16周龄、母鸡在0~18周龄的体重实测值差异不显著(Pgt;0.05),只有在18周龄时,麻花色羽系公鸡体重显著高于黑色羽系公鸡(Plt;0.05),两种羽色儋州鸡仅在羽毛颜色上有区别,体重差异较小。付睿琦等[18]研究表明,北京油鸡公鸡在8~14周龄达到生长高峰。

研究中,不同羽色的拜城油鸡公鸡在10、12、14、16、20和22周龄的体重存在显著或极显著差异(Plt;0.05或Plt;0.01),母鸡在初生重、6、8、20和22周龄的体重存在显著差异(Plt;0.05),且黑麻羽系和黄麻羽系公、母鸡的生长性能均优于银灰羽系。研究中不同羽色及性别拜城油鸡的生长曲线均趋于“S”形曲线,符合家禽的一般生长发育规律。3个羽系的拜城油鸡在8~14周体重快速增长,3个羽系拜城油鸡公鸡均在第10周达到生长高峰,3个羽系的拜城油鸡母鸡均在第12周达到生长高峰。母鸡中,黄麻羽系的初生重显著高于黑麻羽系和银灰羽系。而在达到生长高峰时,母鸡的体重趋势为黑麻羽系gt;黄麻羽系gt;银灰羽系,与公鸡生长高峰时的体重对比情况相似,黑麻羽系无论公母在到达生长高峰期前均表现出很强的生长趋势。

3.2" 不同羽系拜城油鸡生长模型拟合效果

理想的生长模型曲线可以推测出家禽生长发育的动态变化,进而指导家禽的日常饲养管理,缩减选育周期[19],Logistic、Gompertz、Von Bertalanffy是目前常用于描述畜禽生长过程和规律的3种非线性模型。袁经纬等[20]对西藏藏鸡公、母鸡从出生到24周龄的体重进行拟合分析,发现最优生长模型是Gompertz模型,公、母鸡的拟合度分别为0.999、0.996,拐点周龄为10.28、10.65周。肖涛等[21]采用3种生长曲线模型探究黔东南小香鸡的生长发育规律,结果发现公鸡的最佳拟合模型为Gompertz模型(R2gt;0.997),拐点周龄为11.75周,而Von Bertalanffy模型对母鸡的拟合效果最佳(R2gt;0.998),拐点周龄为13.07周。研究中Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy模型对3个羽系拜城油鸡公、母鸡的拟合度均在0.99以上,而Von Bertalanffy模型的估计值与实测值更接近,Von Bertalanffy模型更适用于对不同羽系拜城油鸡公、母鸡体重的生长拟合。黑麻羽系、黄麻羽系和银灰羽系公鸡的拐点周龄分别为8.629、9.389、8.947,拐点体重分别为858.207、911.107、842.681 g,而黑麻羽系、黄麻羽系和银灰羽系母鸡的拐点周龄则分别为7.946、8.619、7.936,拐点体重分别为635.543、679.577、609.097 g。3个羽系拜城油鸡母鸡的拐点周龄均晚于3个羽系拜城油鸡公鸡。拐点周龄是生长速度由快变慢的时间点,也是鸡生长发育进入成熟期的标志,拐点周龄越长,生产周期也越长,鸡只达到出栏重量需要的时间也越长[10,22]。

4" 结 论

不同羽系拜城油鸡的生长发育存在差异,3个羽系拜城油鸡公鸡在第10周达到生长高峰,母鸡在第12周达到生长高峰,黑麻羽系无论公母在到达生长高峰期前均表现出很强的生长趋势。3个羽系拜城油鸡公鸡、母鸡的最优生长模型均为Von Bertalanffy模型。黑麻羽系、黄麻羽系和银灰羽系公鸡的拐点周龄分别为8.629、9.389、8.947,拐点体重分别为858.207、911.107、842.681 g;母鸡的拐点周龄分别为7.946、8.619、7.936,拐点体重分别为635.543、679.577、609.097 g。

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Growth and development rules and growth curve fitting analysis of Baicheng County Fried Chicken with different feather lines

YAO Yang1, DONG Wei2, LI Haiying1, ZHAO Xiaoyu1, LIAO Herong2, WU Yingping1, WANG Gang2, HUANG Guijie2

(1. College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; 2. Xinjiang Noqi Baicheng You Chicken Development Co. Ltd, Aksu Xinjiang 842300, China)

Abstract:【Objective】 The experiment aims to understand the growth and development rules of Baicheng County Fried Chicken with different feather, namely black hemp feather, yellow feather, and silvery grey feather, and provide theoretical basis for scientific feeding management and breeding improvement of Baicheng County Fried Chicken.

【Methods】 200 healthy chicks (half males and half females) of each feather color were selected at the age of 0 days, and their body weight was measured and recorded from 0 to 22 weeks old. Logistic, Gompertz, and Von Bertalanffy growth models were used to fit and analyze the growth curve of male and female Baicheng County Fried Chickens.

【Results】 At 10 and 14 weeks old, the body weight of male Black hemp feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken was significantly higher than that of male Silvery grey feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken (Plt;0.05). At 12 weeks old, the body weight of male black hemp feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken was significantly higher than that of male Yellow feather and silvery grey feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken (Plt;0.05); at 16 weeks old, the body weight of male black hemp feather and yellow feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken was extremely significantly higher than that of male silvery grey feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken (Plt;0.01), and at 20 and 22 weeks old, the body weight of male black hemp feather and yellow feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken was significantly higher than that of male silvery grey feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken(Plt;0.05). For female Baicheng County Fried Chicken, the birth weight of yellow feather was significantly or extremely significant higher than that of black hemp feather and silvery grey feather (Plt;0.05 or Plt;0.01); at 6 and 8 weeks old, the body weight of female black hemp feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken was significantly higher than that of female silvery grey feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken (Plt;0.05), and at 20 and 22 weeks old, the body weight of female Yellow feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken was significantly higher than that of female Silvery grey feather Baicheng County Fried Chicken (Plt;0.05). The growth curve of the three feather colors of Baicheng County Fried Chicken showed an \"S\" shape, and the growth peak of male chickens was reached at the 10th week, while that of female chickens was reached at the 12th week. The fitting curves of the three growth models were basically consistent with the actual curves, and Von Bertalanffy model had the best fitting effect for both male and female chickens (R2gt;0.998). The inflection points of black hemp feather, Yellow feather, and silvery grey feather Baicheng County Fried Chickens were 8.629, 9.389, and 8.947 weeks respectively for male chickens, and 7.946, 8.619, and 7.936 weeks respectively for female chickens; the inflection points of weight were 858.207, 911.107, and 842.681 g for male chickens, and 635.543, 679.577, and 609.097 g for female chickens.

【Conclusion】 In conclusion, there are differences in growth and development among Baicheng County Fried Chickens with different feather colors. The optimal growth models for male and female Baicheng County Fried Chickens of the three feather colors are all Von Bertalanffy models.

Key words:Baicheng County Fried Chicken; growth regularity; growth curve; fitting curve; growth model

Fund projects:Demonstration Project for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Rural Revitalization Industry Development Science and Technology Action) (2022NC118); Livestock and Poultry Seed Industry Promotion Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2023xjjq-z-01)

Correspondence author:LI Haiying (1968-), female, from Laiyang, Shandong, professor, doctoral supervisor, research direction: animal nutrition and feed science, (E-mail)lhy-3@163.com

标签:  油鸡 

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